Diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones肾结石的诊断和治疗

书接上回，得了肾结石，症状就是开始疼了。

When to Call a Doctor？

什么时候就该去找医生了呢？

 

If you are in really bad pain, you probablywant to see a doctor. Other signs you should quickly seek medical care include:

就是你觉得特别疼了，你肯定就想看医生了，还有一些别的信号告诉你要赶紧去看医生哈，我们看一下都包括什么在内：

 

* Being sick to your stomach and throwingup, while in pain

* 疼的时候感觉胃里都难受恶心想吐了

* Being feverish and cold off and on, whilein pain

* 疼的时候一会儿发高烧，一会儿发冷的

* Having bloody urine or a hard time going

* 小便带血或不容易排出

 

Diagnosis

诊断

 

How does your doctor know if you really dohave a kidney stone?

医生怎么知道你是不是得了肾结石呢？

 

First, she will get a medical history andexamine you.

首先，她会询问你的病史然后给你做检查。

 

Then, if needed, she will order tests toget pictures of your kidneys and urinary tract.

Once you have passed the stone, the doctorwill have it analyzed to figure out what it was made of. You also might need tocollect your pee for 24 hours to have it tested.

然后，如果需要的话，医生会要你做肾脏和尿路的检查。一旦你排出了结石，医生会去分析它看看它是什么成分。你可能也需要收集尿液24小时进行检查。

 

All of these results will help the doctorfigure out how best to treat you.

这些结果会帮助医生考虑怎么样给你最好的治疗。

 

 

Treatments

治疗

 

If your kidney stone is small, you may beable to get rid of it when you pee.

如果结石小，小便时可能就把它排出来了。

 

Your doctor may want you to save the stoneso it can be tested. If she can figure out what kind of stone it is, that mayhelp prevent you from having another one.

医生可能会想要留下你的结石去检测，如果她能知道这是什么类型的结石的话，会帮助你更好的预防以后不再得。

 

If your stone is bigger or you can’t passit, you might be in a fair amount of pain. In this case, the doctor can breakup the stone in a couple of ways, so your body can eventually get rid of it.

如果你的结石比较大，自己排不出，就会很痛苦了。这种情况下，医生有几种办法来粉碎它，你的身体就可以排出它了。

 

These include:

这些粉碎方法包括：

 

Shock wave lithotripsy: This is the most commonprocedure for kidney stones in the United States. It uses shock waves, whichcan blast the stone into little pieces. Then, the smaller pieces can moreeasily be passed in your urine.

冲击波碎石术：这是美国最常见的肾结石手术。它使用冲击波，可以把石头炸成小碎片。然后，较小的颗粒就容易随尿液排出了。

 

The treatment takes about an hour, and youcan usually go home about an hour later.

治疗大约需要一个小时，通常一个小时后你就可以回家了。

 

This treatment doesn’t involve any surgicalcuts, but there’s still some pain. Your doctor will talk over your options withyou: sedation, local anesthesia (you’re given something to numb the pain butstay awake), general anesthesia (you’re not awake during the procedure).

这种治疗不涉及任何手术切口，但还是会有一些疼痛。医生会给你几个选择：镇静状态，局部麻醉(给你一些东西来麻醉疼痛但保持清醒)，全身麻醉(在手术过程中你无法清醒)。

Ureteroscopy: This procedure treats stonesin the kidneys and ureters. Your doctor uses a thin, flexible scope to find andremove stones. No cuts are made in your skin. You'll sleep through thisprocedure.

输尿管镜检查术：这种手术治疗肾脏和输尿管结石。医生使用这个薄的，灵活的镜子找到并移除结石，你的皮肤上不会有伤口，整个过程中你都是睡眠的状态。

 

Your doctor will pass the scope throughyour bladder and ureter into your kidney. She uses a small basket to removesmall stones. If the stones are larger, the doctor will pass a laser throughthe scope to break them up. Typically, you are able to go home on the same day.

医生会通过膀胱和输尿管进入肾脏。她用一个小篮子移走小石头。如果结石比较大，医生就会用激光将其切开。基本上，当天你就可以回家了。

 

Surgery: Another way doctors can get rid ofa kidney stone is to cut a small hole in your back and through your kidney inorder to remove the stone. If this procedure is done, you could have to stay inthe hospital for several days.

手术：医生去除肾结石的另一种方法是在你的背部和肾脏上开一个小洞来取出结石。如果做了这个手术，你就需要在医院多待上几天了。

 

原文来自：webmd.com

翻译：齐大夫讲泌尿外科

作者：富贵姐

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