栩栩如生的心脏病发作指南

A Visual Guide to a Heart Attack

心脏病发作的栩栩如生的视觉上的指南

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What Is It?

这是什么情况？

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When blood can't get to your heart, your heart muscle doesn't get the oxygen it needs. Without oxygen, its cells can be damaged or die.

The key to recovery is to get your blood flow restored quickly. Get medical help right away if you think you're having symptoms of a heart attack.

当血液到不了心脏时，心脏肌肉就没有它需要的氧气，没有氧气，它的细胞就会受损或死掉。

让它恢复的关键是让你的血液快速恢复。如果你认为自己有心脏病发作的症状，要立即就医。

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Causes

原因

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Over time, cholesterol and a fatty material called plaque can build up on the walls inside blood vessels that take blood to your heart, called arteries. This makes it harder for blood to flow freely. Most heart attacks happen when a piece of this plaque breaks off. A blood clot forms around the broken-off plaque, and it blocks the artery.

随着时间的推移，胆固醇和一种被称为斑块的脂肪物质会在血管壁上积聚，这个血管是将血液输送到心脏的动脉。这样使得血液自由流动比较困难，大部分心脏病都是当一块斑块破裂时发作，血栓在破裂的斑块周围形成，阻塞动脉。

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Symptoms

症状

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You may feel pain, pressure, or discomfort in your chest. You could be short of breath, sweat, faint, or feel sick to your stomach. Your neck, jaw, or shoulders might hurt.

Men and women can have different symptoms. Men are more likely to break out in a cold sweat and to feel pain move down their left arm.

你的胸腔可能觉得疼痛、有压力或不舒服，你可能会呼吸急促、出汗、晕眩或胃不舒服，你的脖子、下巴或肩膀可能会疼。

男性和女性可能有不同的症状。男性更容易出一身冷汗，左臂也更容易感到疼痛。

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Symptoms in Women

女性的症状

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Women are more likely than men to have back or neck pain, heartburn, and shortness of breath. They tend to have stomach trouble, including feeling queasy and throwing up. They may also feel very tired, lightheaded, or dizzy. A couple of weeks before a heart attack, a woman might have flu-like symptoms and sleep problems.

About 435,000 women have heart attacks in the U.S. yearly. Symptoms can be so mild they're dismissed as something minor.

女性比男性更容易出现背部或颈部疼痛、胃灼热和呼吸急促。通常有胃病，包括感觉恶心和呕吐。也可能感到非常疲倦、头昏眼花或头晕。在心脏病发作的前几周，女性可能会出现类似流感的症状和睡眠问题。

美国每年约有43.5万名女性心脏病发作，症状可能很轻微。

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What to Do？

该做什么？

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If you or someone you're with has symptoms that might be a heart attack, call 911 right away. If it is a heart attack, you're more likely to survive if you get treated within 90 minutes. While you're on the phone, the person should chew and swallow an aspirin (unless they're allergic) to lower the risk of a blood clot. Are they unconscious? Hands-only CPR can double their chances of survival.

如果你或你的同伴有心脏病发作的症状，请立即拨打急救电话。如果是心脏病发作，在90分钟内接受治疗会更有可能存活。当你打电话时，患者应该咀嚼并吞下一片阿司匹林(除非他们过敏)，以降低血栓的风险。他们是无意识的吗？仅用手进行的心肺复苏术就可以使他们的存活几率翻倍。

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Diagnosis

诊断

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An EKG, which checks your heart's electrical activity, can help doctors see if you're having a heart attack. It can also show which artery is clogged or blocked.

Doctors can also diagnose a heart attack with blood tests that look for proteins that heart cells release when they die.

心电图检查心脏的电活动，可以帮助医生判断是否心脏病发作，它还可以显示哪条动脉被堵塞了。医生也可以通过血液测试来诊断心脏病发作，寻找心脏细胞死后释放的蛋白质。

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Treatment

治疗

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Doctors will move quickly to restore the flow of blood to your heart. You may get drugs that dissolve blood clots in your arteries.

You'll likely get a procedure called a coronary angiogram. Doctors put a thin tube with a balloon on the end through your artery. It opens up the blockage by flattening the plaque in your arteries. Most times, doctors place a small mesh tube called a stent in your artery to make sure it stays open.

医生会迅速恢复心脏的血液流动，你可能会服用一些溶解动脉中血块的药物。

你可能会接受冠状动脉造影术，医生用一根末端带气球的细管子穿过你的动脉，它通过压平动脉中的斑块来打开阻塞，大多数时候，医生会在你的动脉中放置一个叫做支架的网状小管，以确保动脉保持开放。

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What Puts You at Risk?

是什么让你这样痛苦？

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Your odds of having a heart attack go up with age, and men are more likely to have one than women. A family history of heart disease also makes one more likely. Smoking raises your chances of a heart attack. So does having high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being obese. Stress, a lack of exercise, and depression can, too.

你患心脏病的几率会随着年龄的增长而增加，而且男性比女性患心脏病的几率更大。有心脏病家族史也会增加患心脏病的可能性。

吸烟会增加心脏病发作的几率。高血压、高胆固醇、糖尿病和肥胖以及压力、缺乏锻炼和抑郁都会增加发作几率。

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Prevention

预防

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If you smoke, stop. It will immediately cut your chances of a heart attack by a third.

Get exercise and eat right. The American Heart Association recommends 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day, 5 days a week. Eat plenty of fruits, veggies, and whole grains to keep your arteries healthy.

For some people, taking a daily aspirin will help. Talk to your doctor to see if it's right for you.

Also, find positive ways to manage your stress.

如果你吸烟，停止！它会立即将你发作心脏病的几率降低三分之一。要锻炼身体，合理饮食。美国心脏协会(American Heart Association)建议，每周进行5天、每天30分钟的适度锻炼。多吃水果、蔬菜和全谷物，保持动脉健康。

对一些人来说，每天服用阿司匹林会有所帮助，和你的医生谈谈，看看它是否适合你。

同时，找到积极的方法来缓解压力。

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Life After a Heart Attack

心脏病发作后的生活

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If you're in the hospital, you may come home after just a few days. You can get back to your normal daily life in a few weeks.

Cardiac rehab can help you recover. You'll get your own fitness program and learn how to keep up a heart-healthy lifestyle. Counselors give you support if you're feeling down or worried about having another attack.

如果你在医院，几天后就可以回家了，几周后就可以恢复正常生活。

心脏康复中心可以帮助你恢复。你会有自己的健身计划，学习如何保持心脏健康的生活方式。如果你感到沮丧或担心再次发作，心理咨询师会给你支持。 

原文来自：webmd.com

翻译：齐大夫讲泌尿外科

作者：富贵姐

健康是一切的基础，人生路漫长，希望我们尽可能健康快乐。

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